API 5L Pipeline Pipe Manufacturer and Supplier – Brisk Steel
| Standard | API 5L |
| Levels | PSL1 and PSL2 |
| Grade | A25, A25P, Grade A, Grade B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80, X90, X100, X120 |
| L175, L175P, L210, L245, L290, L320, L360, L390, L415, L450, L485, L555, L625, L690, L830 | |
| Delivery Condition | R, N, Q, M |
| Service Condition | O, S, P |
| Manufacture | Seamless or EW, LW, CW, LFW, HFW, LW, SAWL, SAWH, COWL, COWH welded steel pipes |
| Pipe End | Belled end, Plain end, Plain end for special coupling, Threaded end |
| Dimension | 0.405 in – 84 in [10.3 mm – 2134 mm] |
| Use | Pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries |
What is the API 5L ?
In API SPEC 5L 46th Edition, the standard scope is defined as: "Requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL1 and PSL2) of seamless and welded steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries. This standard does not apply to cast pipe."
To summarize, API 5L pipe is the carbon steel pipe applied to the oil and gas transmission system. Meanwhile, other fluids such as steam, water, and slurry can also adopt the API 5L standard for their transmission purposes.
Manufacturing Types
API 5L specification covers the manufacturing types in welded and seamless.
Welded Type: ERW, SAW, DSAW, LSAW, SSAW, HSAW Pipe
- ERW: Electric Resistance Welded, for pipe diameter normally under 24 inches.
-
DSAW/SAW: Double Submerged Arc Welding / Submerged Arc Welding, a substitute welding method of ERW for larger diameter pipes.
-
LSAW: Longitudinal SAW, for diameter up to 48 inches. Also called the JCOE manufacturing process.
-
SSAW/HSAW: Spiral Submerged Arc Welded / Helical SAW, pipe diameters up to 100 inches.
Seamless Type: Hot Rolled Seamless and Cold Rolled Seamless Pipe
- Seamless manufacturing type is usually for small diameter pipes (typically under 24 inches).
- (When the pipe diameter is less than 150 mm or 6 inches, the seamless steel pipe is more commonly applied than the welded steel pipe.) There are also seamless pipes of large diameters. By using hot rolled manufacturing process, we can get seamless pipes with diameters up to almost 20 inches (508 mm). If you need seamless pipes with diameters above 20 inches, we can make them through hot expanding process, with maximum diameters up to 40 inches (1016 mm).
Delivery Conditions
Delivery condition refers to the specific condition of the pipe at the time of delivery of the API 5L pipe. It usually includes the state of the pipe after the handling and fabrication processes have been completed.
| PSL | Delivery Condition | Grade |
| PSL1 | As-rolled, normalizing rolled, normalized, or normalizing formed | L175 or A25 |
| L175P or A25P | ||
| L210 or A | ||
| As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermomechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered; or, if agreed, quenched and tempered for SMLS pipe only |
L245 or B | |
| As-rolled, normalizing rolled, thermomechanical rolled, thermomechanical formed, normalizing formed, normalized, normalized and tempered or quenched and tempered |
L290 or X42 | |
| L320 or X46 | ||
| L360 or X52 | ||
| L390 or X56 | ||
| L415 or X60 | ||
| L450 or X65 | ||
| L485 or X70 | ||
| PSL 2 | As-rolled | L245R or BR |
| L290R or X42R | ||
| Normalizing rolled, normalizing formed, normalized, or normalized and tempered | L245N or BN | |
| L290N or X42N | ||
| L320N or X46N | ||
| L360N or X52N | ||
| L390N or X56N | ||
| L415N or X60N | ||
| Quenched and tempered | L245Q or BQ | |
| L290Q or X42Q | ||
| L320Q or X46Q | ||
| L360Q or X52Q | ||
| L390Q or X56Q | ||
| L415Q or X60Q | ||
| L450Q or X65Q | ||
| L485Q or X70Q | ||
| L555Q or X80Q | ||
| L625Q or X90Q c | ||
| L690Q or X100Q c | ||
| PSL 2 | Thermomechanical rolled or thermomechanical formed | 1245M or BM |
| L290M or X42M | ||
| L320M or X46M | ||
| L360M or X52M | ||
| L390M or X56M | ||
| L415M or X60M | ||
| L450M or X65M | ||
| L485M or X70M | ||
| L555M or X80M | ||
| Thermomechanical rolled | L625M or X90M | |
| L690M or X100M | ||
| L830M or X120M |
c Seamless only
There are two ways of expressing grades in API 5L. L+number, where the number is the specified minimum yield strength in MPa. X+number, the number is the specified minimum yield strength in 1000 psi.
PSL2 grade tubes also have a letter (R, N, Q, or M) to indicate delivery status.
- R: As Rolled;
- N: Normalized;
- Q: Quenched and Tempered;
- M: Thermo-Mechanically Controlled Processed;
When ordering PSL2 under three specific service conditions, additional suffix letters are used to indicate the service conditions, in addition to the delivery condition letters.
- O: PSL 2 Pipe for Offshore Service;
- S: PSL 2 Pipe for Sour Service;
- P: PSL2 Pipe for Applications Requiring Longitudinal Plastic Strain Capacity;
Raw Materials & Manufacturing Processes
Raw Materials
The raw materials used in the manufacture of tubes are ingots, blooms, billets, coils, or plates. The width of the steel plate used for the manufacture of spiral seam steel pipe shall not be less than 0.8 times or more than 3.0 times the specified outside diameter of the pipe.
For PSL 2 pipe, the steel shall be killed and made according to fine-grain practice.
The coil or plate used for the manufacture of PSL 2 pipe shall not contain any repair welds.
Manufacturing Processes
API 5L allows for many types of fabrication including Seamless or EW, LW, CW, LFW, HFW, LW, SAWL, SAWH, COWL, and COWH welded processes.
However, not all manufacturing processes are permitted for each grade.
| Type of Pipe or Pipe End |
PSL 1 Pipe Grade a | PSL 2 Pipe Grade a | ||||||
| L175 or A25 b | L175P or A25P b | L210 or A | L245 or B | L290 – L485 or X42 – X70 |
L245 – L555 or B – X80 |
> L555 – L690 or ＞ X80 – X100 |
> L690 – L830 or ＞ X100 – X120 |
|
| Type of Pipe | ||||||||
| SMLS | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | – |
| CW | X | X | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| LFW | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – |
| HFW | X | – | X | X | X | X | – | – |
| LW | – | – | – | – | X | – | – | – |
| SAWL c | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| SAWH d | – | – | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| COWL c | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | – |
| COWH d | – | – | X | X | X | X | – | – |
| Type of Pipe End | ||||||||
| Belled end e | X | – | X | X | X | – | – | – |
| Plain end | X | – | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Plain end for special coupling |
X | – | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| Threaded end f | X | X | X | X | – | – | – | – |
| a Intermediate grades are available if agreed but limited to grades higher than Grade L290 or X42. b Grades L175, L175P, A25, and A25P are limited to pipe with D ≤ 141.3 mm [5.563 in]. c Double-seam pipe is available if agreed, but limited to pipe with D ≥ 914 mm [36.000 in]. d Helical seam pipe is limited to pipe with D ≥ 114.3 mm [4.500 in]. e Belled-end pipe is limited to pipe with D ≤ 219.1 mm [8.625 in] and t ≤ 3.6 mm [0.141 in]. f Threaded-end pipe is limited to SMLS and longitudinal seam welded pipe with D ≤508 mm [20.000 in]. |
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Manufacturing Routes for PSL 2 Pipe
The delivery condition of PSL2 steel pipes should be determined by selecting the appropriate raw materials, forming process, and heat treatment according to the different types of pipes.
| Ingot, bloom,or bille | Starting Material | Pipe Forming | Pipe Heat Treatment | Delivery Condition |
| SMLS | Hot forming | As-rolled | - | R |
| Normalizing forming | - | N | ||
| Cold forming | Normalizing | N | ||
| Quenching and tempering | Q | |||
| Hot forming and cold finishing |
Normalizing | N | ||
| Quenching and tempering | Q | |||
| HFW | Normalizing-rolled coil | Cold forming | Heat treating a of weld area only | N |
| Thermomechanical-rolled coil | Cold foming | Heat treating a of weld area only | M | |
| Heat treating a of weld area and stress relieving of entire pipe | M | |||
| As-rolled or thermomechanical-rolled coil | Cold forming | Normalizing | N | |
| Quenching and tempering |
Q | |||
| Cold forming followed by hot reducing under controlled temperature resulting in a normalized condition |
- | N | ||
| Cold forming followed by thermomechanical forming of pipe | - | M | ||
| SAW or COW |
Normalized or normalizing- rolled coil or plate |
Cold forming | - | N |
| As-rolled, thermomechanical-rolled, normalizing-rolled,or normalized coil or plate | Cold forming | Normalizing | N | |
| Thermomechanical-rolled coil or plate | Cold foming | - | M | |
| Quenched and tempered plate | Cold forming | - | Q | |
| Cold forming | Cold forming | Quenching and tempering | Q | |
| As-rolled, thermomechanical-rolled, normalizing-rolled, or normalized coil or plate | Normalizing forming | - | N |
a See ISO 5L 8.8 for applicable heat treatments
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of API PLS1 and PSL2 tubing with wall thicknesses greater than 25 mm [0.984 in] shall be determined by agreement.
Chemical Composition for PSL 1 Pipe
| Steel Grade | Mass Fraction, Based on Heat and Product Analyses a.g % |
|||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | ||
| max b | max b | min | max | max | max | max | max | |
| Seamless Pipe | ||||||||
| L175 or A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L175P or A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L210 or A | 0.22 | 0.90 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L245 or B | 0.28 | 1.20 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 or X42 | 0.28 | 1.30 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L320 or X46 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L360 or X52 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L390 or X56 | 0.28 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L415 or X60 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| L450 or X65 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| L485 or X70 | 0.28 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| Welded Pipe | ||||||||
| L175 or A25 | 0.21 | 0.60 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L175P or A25P | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L210 or A | 0.22 | 0.90 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | - | - | - |
| L245 or B | 0.26 | 1.20 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | c,d | c,d | d |
| L290 or X42 | 0.26 | 1.30 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L320 or X46 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L360 or X52 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L390 or X56 | 0.26 | 1.40 | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | d | d | d |
| L415 or X60 | 0.26 e | 1.40 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| L450 or X65 | 0.26 e | 1.45 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
| L485 or X70 | 0.26 e | 1.65 e | - | 0.03 | 0.03 | f | f | f |
Chemical Composition for PSL 2 Pipe
| Steel Grade | Mass Fraction, Based on Heat and Product Analyses, %, max | Carbon Equivalent a, %, max | |||||||||
| C b | Si | Mn b | P | S | V | Nb | Ti | Other | CEllw | CEpcm | |
| Seamless and Welded Pipe | |||||||||||
| L245R or BR | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | c | c | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L290R or X42R | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L245N or BN | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | c | c | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L290N or X42N | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L320N or X46N | 0.24 | 0.40 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d, e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L360N or X52N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d, e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L390N or X56N | 0.24 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 f | 0.05 | 0.04 | d, e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L415N or X60N | 0.24 f | 0.45 f | 1.40 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.10 f | 0.05 f | 0.04 f | g, h, I | As agreed | |
| L245Q or BQ | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, l | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L290Q or X42Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L320Q or X46Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L360Q or X52Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L390Q or X56Q | 0.18 | 0.45 | 1.50 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | d, e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L415Q or X60Q | 0.18 f | 0.45 f | 1.70 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L450Q or X65Q | 0.18 f | 0.45 f | 1.70 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L485Q or X70Q | 0.18 f | 0.45 f | 1.80 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L555Q or X80Q | 0.18 f | 0.45 f | 1.90 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | I, j | As agreed | |
| L625Q or X90Q | 0.16 f | 0.45 f | 1.90 | 0.020 | 0.010 | g | g | g | j, k | As agreed | |
| L690Q or X100Q | 0.16 f | 0.45 f | 1.90 | 0.020 | 0.010 | g | g | g | j, k | As agreed | |
| Welded Pipe | |||||||||||
| L245M or BM | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.20 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, l | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L290M or X42M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.30 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L320M or X46M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.30 | 0.025 | 0.015 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.04 | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L360M or X52M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e, l | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L390M or X56M | 0.22 | 0.45 | 1.40 | 0.025 | 0.015 | d | d | d | e, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L415M or X60M | 0.12 f | 0.45 f | 1.60 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L450M or X65M | 0.12 f | 0.45 f | 1.60 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L485M or X70M | 0.12 f | 0.45 f | 1.70 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | h, I | 0.43 | 0.25 |
| L555M or X80M | 0.12 f | 0.45 f | 1.85 f | 0.025 | 0.015 | g | g | g | i, l | 0.43 f | 0.25 |
| L625M or X90M | 0.10 | 0.55 f | 2.10 f | 0.020 | 0.010 | g | g | g | i, l | -- | 0.25 |
| L690M or X100M | 0.10 | 0.55 f | 2.10 f | 0.020 | 0.010 | g | g | g | i, j | -- | 0.25 |
| L830M or X120M | 0.10 | 0.55 f | 2.10 f | 0.020 | 0.010 | g | g | g | i, j | -- | 0.25 |
- When the carbon content of PSL 2 steel pipe is equal to or less than 0.12%, the carbon equivalent CEPcm shall be calculated according to the following equation:
CEPcm = C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/10 + 5B
- When the carbon content of PSL 2 steel pipe is greater than 0.12%, the carbon equivalent CEllw shall be calculated according to the following formula:
CEllw = C+ Mn/6 + Cu/20 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties for PSL 1 Pipe
| Pipe Grade | Pipe Body of Seamless and Welded Pipe | Weld Seam of EW, LW, SAW, and COW Pipe | ||
| Yield Strength a Rt0.5 MPa (psi) |
Tensile Strength a Rm MPa (psi) |
Elongation (on 50 mm or 2 in.) Af % |
Tensile Strength b Rm MPa(psi) |
|
| min | min | min | min | |
| L175 or A25 | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L175P or A25P | 175 (25,400) | 310 (45,000) | c | 310 (45,000) |
| L210 or A | 210 (30,500) | 335 (48,600) | c | 335 (48,600) |
| L245 or B | 245 (35,500) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L290 or X42 | 290 (42,100) | 415 (60,200) | c | 415 (60,200) |
| L320 or X46 | 320 (46,400) | 435 (63,100) | c | 435 (63,100) |
| L360 or X52 | 360 (52,200) | 460 (66,700) | c | 460 (66,700) |
| L390 or X56 | 390 (56,600) | 490 (71,100) | c | 490 (71,100) |
| L415 or X60 | 415 (60,200) | 520 (75,400) | c | 520 (75,400) |
| L450 or X65 | 450 (65,300) | 535 (77,600) | c | 535 (77,600) |
| L485 or X70 | 485 (70,300) | 570 (82,700) | c | 570 (82,700) |
| a. For intermediate grades, the difference between the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield strength for the pipe body shall be as given for the next higher grade. |
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| b. For the intermediate grades, the specified minimum tensile strength for the weld seam shall be the same value as was determined for the pipe body using footnote a). |
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|
c. The specified minimum elongation, Af, expressed in percent and rounded to the nearest percent, shall be as determined using the following equation:
|
||||
| Where: C is 1 940 for calculation using SI units and 625 000 for calculation using USC units; Axc is the applicable tensile test piece cross-sectional area, expressed in square millimeters (square inches) , as follows: – for circular cross-section test pieces, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) for 12.7 mm (0.500 in) and 8.9 mm (0.350 in) diameter test pieces; and 65 mm2 (0.10 in2) for 6.4 mm (0.250in) diameter test pieces; – for full-section test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified outside diameter and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) – for strip test pieces, the lesser of a) 485 mm2 (0.75 in2) and b) the cross-sectional area of the test piece, derived using the specified width of the test piece and the specified wall thickness of the pipe, rounded to the nearest 10 mm2 (0.10in2) U is the specified minimum tensile strength, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch) |
Mechanical Properties for PSL 2 Pipe
| Pipe Grade | Pipe Body of Seamless and Welded Pipe | Weld Seam of HFW SAW and CoW Pipe | |||||
| Yield Strength a Rt0.5 MPa(psi) |
Tensile Strength a Rm MPa (psi) |
Ratio a.c Rt0.5/Rm |
Elongation (on 50 mm or 2 in.) Af % |
Tensile Strength d Rm MPa (psi) |
|||
| min | max | min | max | max | min | min | |
| L245R or BR L245N or BN L245Q or BQ L245M or BM |
245 (35,500) |
450 (65,300) e |
415 (60,200) |
655 (95,000) |
0.93 | f | 415 (60,200) |
| L290R or X42R L290N or X42N L290Q or X42Q L290M or X42M |
290 (42,100) |
495 (71,800) |
415 (60,200) |
655 (95,000) |
0.93 | f | 415 (60,200) |
| L320N or X46N L320Q or X46Q L320M or X46M |
320 (46,400) |
525 (76,100) |
435 (63,100) |
655 (95,000) |
0.93 | f | 435 (63,100) |
| L360N or X52N L360Q or X52Q L360M or X52M |
360 (52,200) |
530 (76,900) |
460 (66,700) |
760 (110,200) |
0.93 | f | 460 (66,700) |
| L390N or X56N L390Q or X56Q L390M or X56M |
390 (56,600) |
545 (79,000) |
490 (71,100) |
760 (110,200) |
0.93 | f | 490 (71,100) |
| L415N or X60N L415Q or X60Q L415M or X60M |
415 (60,200) |
565 (81,900) |
520 (75,400) |
760 (110,200) |
0.93 | f | 520 (75,400) |
| L450Q or X65Q L450M or X65M |
450 (65,300) |
600 (87,000) |
535 (77,600) |
760 (110,200) |
0.93 | f | 535 (77,600) |
| L485Q or X70Q L485M or X70M |
485 (70,300) |
635 (92,100) |
570 (82,700) |
760 (110,200) |
0.93 | f | 570 (82,700) |
| L555Q or X80Q L555M or X80M |
555 (80,500) |
705 (102,300) |
625 (90,600) |
825 (119,700) |
0.93 | f | 625 (90,600) |
| L625M or X90M | 625 (90,600) |
775 (112,400) |
695 (100,800) |
915 (132,700) |
0.95 | f | 695 (100,800) |
| L625Q or X90Q | 625 (90,600) |
775 (112,400) |
695 (100,800) |
915 (132,700) |
0.97 g | f | - |
| L690M or X100M | 690 (100,100) b |
840 (121,800) b |
760 (110,200) |
990 (143,600) |
0.97 h | f | 760 (110,200) |
| L690Q or X100Q | 690 (100,100) b |
840 (121,800) b |
760 (110,200) |
990 (143,600) |
0.97 h | f | - |
| L830M or X120M | 830 (120,400) b |
1050 (152,300) b |
915 (132,700) |
1145 (166,100) |
0.99 h | f | 915 (132,700) |
| a.For intermediate grades, the difference between the specified maximum yield strength and the specified minimum yield strength shall be as given in the table for the next higher grade, and the ditierence belween the specified minimum tensile strength and the specified minimum yield strength shall be as given in the table for the next higher grade. For intermediate grades up to Grade L320 or X46, the tensile strength shall be≤ 655 MPa (95 000 psi). For intermediate grades greater than Grade L320 or X46 and lower than Grade L555 or X80, the tensile strength shall bes≤760 MPa (110 200 psi).For intermediate grades higher than Grade L555 or X80 the maximum permissible tensile strength shall be obtained by interpolation. For Sl units, the calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 5MPa. For USC units, the calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 100 psi. | |||||||
| b.For grades >L625 or X90, Rp0.2 applies. | |||||||
| c.This limit applies for pipe with D> 323.9 mm (12.750 in). | |||||||
| e.For pipe requiring longitudinal testing, the maximum yield strength shall be≤495 MPa (71 800 psi). | |||||||
|
f.The specified minimum elongation, Af, shall be as determined using the following equation:
|
In addition to the tensile test requirements above, API 5L has mechanical property tests:
- Bend Test
- Flattening Test
- Guided-bend Test
- CVN Impact Test for PSL2 Pipe
- DWT Test for PSL2 Welded Pipe
- Hardness testing of hard spots in cold-formed welded pipe
Hydrostatic Test
Test Time
- Pressure stabilization time should not be less than 5 seconds for all sizes of seamless (SMLS) pipe and D ≤ 457 mm (18 in) welded pipe.
- Pressure stabilization time for welded pipe D > 457 mm (18 in) should not be less than 10 seconds.
Hydrostatic Pressure
The hydrostatic pressure P of a plain-end steel pipe can be calculated according to the formula:
P = 2St/D
- t is the specified wall thickness, expressed in millimeters (inches);
- D is the specified outside diameter, expressed in millimeters (inches);
- S is the hoop stress, expressed in megapascals (pounds per square inch), Equal to the minimum yield strength multiplied by the percentage in the table below.
| Pipe Grade | Specified Outside Diameter D mm (in.) |
Percentage of Specified Minimum Yield Strength for Determination of S | |
| Standard Test Pressure | Alternative Test Pressure | ||
| L175 or A25 | ≤ 141.3 (5.563) | 60 | 75 |
| L175P or A25P | ≤ 141.3 (5.563) | 60 | 75 |
| L210 or A | Any | 60 | 75 |
| L245 or B | Any | 60 | 75 |
| L290 – L830 or X42 – X120 |
≤ 141.3 (5.563) | 60 | 75 |
| ＞ 141.3 (5.563) to 219.1 (8.625) | 75 | 75 | |
| ＞ 219.1 (8.625) to 508 (20) | 85 | 85 | |
| ≥ 508 (20) | 90 | 90 | |
Dimesion Tolerance
Diameter and Out-of-Roundness Tolerance
| Specified Outside Diameter mm (in) |
Diameter Tolerances mm (in) |
Out-of-roundness Tolerances mm (in) |
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| Pipe Except the End | Pipe End | Pipe Except for the End | Pipe End | |||
| SMLS Pipe | Welded Pipe | SMLS Pipe | Welded Pipe | |||
| ＜ 60.3 (2.375) | -0.8 (0.031) to +0.4 (0.016) | -0.8 (0.031) to +0.4 (0.016) | 1.2 (0.048) | 0.9 (0.036) | ||
| ≥ 60.3 (2.375) to 168.3 (6.625) | ±0.0075D | -0.4 (0.016) to +1.6 (0.063) | 0.02D for D/t ≤ 75; by agreement for D/t ＞ 75 | 0.015D for D/t ≤ 75; by agreement for D/t ＞ 75 | ||
| ＞ 168.3 (6.625) to 610 (24) | ±0.0075D | ±0.0075D, but maximum of ±3.2 (0.125) | ±0.005D, but maximum of ±1.6 (0.063) | 0.020D | 0.015D | |
| ＞ 610 (24) to 1422 (56) | ±0.01D | ±0.005D, but maximum of ±4.0 (0.160) | ±2.0 (0.079) | ±1.6 (0.063) | 0.015D, but maximum of 15 (0.6) for D/t ≤ 75; by agreement for D/t ＞ 75 | 0.01D, but maximum of 13 (0.5) for D/t ≤ 75; by agreement for D/t ＞ 75 |
| ＞ 1422 (56) | As agreed | |||||
Wall Thickness Tolerance
| Wall Thickness t mm (in.) |
Tolerances mm (in.) |
| SMLS Pipe | |
| ≤ 4.0 (0.157) | +0.6 (0.024) -0.5 (0.020) |
| > 4.0 (0.157) to < 25.0 (0.984) | +0.150t -0.125t |
| ≥ 25.0 (0.984) | +3.7 (0.146) or +0.1t, whichever is the greater -3.0 (0.120) or -0.1t, whichever is the greater |
| Welded Pipe | |
| ≤ 5.0 (0.197) | ±0.5 (0.020) |
| > 5.0 (0.197) to < 15.0 (0.591) | ±0.1t |
| ≥ 15.0 (0.591) | ±1.5 (0.060) |
Length Tolerance
- Tolerances for Fixed Lengths
Length tolerance is ±500 mm (20 in).
- Tolerances for Random Length Pipe
| Random Length Designation m(ft) |
Minimum Length m (ft) |
Minimum Average Length for Each Order Item m (ft) |
Maximum Length m (ft) |
| Threaded-and-coupled Pipe | |||
| 6 (20) | 4.88 (16.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 6.71 (22.0) | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| Plain-end Pipe | |||
| 6(20) | 2.74 (9.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 4.27 (14.0 | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| 15 (50) | 5.33 (17.5) | 13.35 (43.8) | 16.76 (55.0) |
| 18 (60) | 6.40 (21.0) | 16.00 (52.5) | 19.81 (65.0) |
| 24 (80) | 8.53 (28.0) | 21.34 (70.0) | 25.91 (85.0) |
Tolerances for Straightness
The total deviation of the tube length from a straight line should be ≤ 0.2 % of the tube length.
Local deviation from a straight line over a 1.5 m (5.0 ft) length at the end of the pipe shall be ≤ 3.2 mm (0.125 in).
Tolerances for Beveled End
Beveled end angle 30°-35°, root face 0.8 – 2.4 mm (0.031 – 0.094 in).
Maximum Permissible Weld Bead Height for SAW and COW Pipe(Except at Pipe Ends)
| Specified Wall Thickness mm (in.) |
Weld Bead Height, mm (in), max | |
| Internal Bead | External Bead | |
| ≤ 13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 3.5 (0.138) |
| > 13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 4.5 (0.177) |